Rod ratio has a TINY effect compared to dynamic compression.
Small bore engines are actually more detonation resistant than large bore engines.
The bore/stroke ratio is basically irrelevant to detonation resistance.

F1 engines absolutely use camshafts. They are required to by regulations.

If anyone is wondering whether a given compression will work on a given fuel, I have three words for you: Cam, Cam, Cam.

Consider two engines with 12:1 static compression. One has a cam with 300 degrees of seat duration, one has a cam with 260 degrees of seat duration. With 110 degree lob separations, installed straight up, the engine with the 300 degree cam will have its intake valve close (IVC) event 80 degrees ABDC, while the 260 cammed engine will have IVC at 60 degrees ABDC.

With IVC at 80 ABDC, the 12:1 static compression becomes 7.45:1 (not accounting for rod angle) and with IVC at 60, it becomes 9.25:1. One will be easy to run on pump gas, one will be difficult.