If they're a resistance-type sensor as posted above, nothing should have been damaged except the sensor.

Usually the circuit is a resistor to a power supply (creating a current source) and the resistance of the sensor, and the voltage is measured between those two resistances (it's just a regular voltage divider circuit). Then the change of sensor resistance changes the ratio between the two resistors. Anyway, the nice part is that the upper resistor (to the power supply) limits the current so if the sensor is shorted then nothing bad happens.

So assuming it's a two wire sensor, you should have damaged exactly nothing.